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	mIMvZ msKzwPZ cÉvK‡wZK MÅvm msev`, Š`wbK msev` cÉfvKi msev` msÕ©v msev`cò msev`cò AvBb msev`cò I ivRbxwZ msev`cò I mvgwqKx msweavb msm`xq KwgwU msÕ•‡Z msÕ•‡Z KGjR, KjKvZv msÕ•‡Z mvwnZÅ cwilr msÕ•‡wZ msÕ•‡wZ, eÕ§MZ msÕ•‡wZ msm` mLxcyi DcGRjv mGLi nuvwo mãxZ mãxZ`vGgv`i mãxwZ mwPevjq mwPevjq wbG`Ækvewj mRvi‚ mçqb wÞwZR méq gnvfviZ moK cwienY mrmã mZx`vn cÉ^v mGZiið gw±`i mZÅagÆ mZÅbvivqY mZÅbvivqGYi cuvPvwj mZÅcxi mZÅcxGii cuvPvwj mZÅcxGii wfUv, cvnvocyi mZÅcxGii wfUv, gnvÕ©vb m`i Avwgb m`iNvU m`icyi DcGRjv m`ywî×KYÆvg†Z mb` mbvZb wPwKrmv m¯¨vm weGivax AvBb, 2009 m¯¨vmx AvG±`vjb m±«¼xc, Aveyj KvGkg m±«¼xc DcGRjv m®¬vbx m®¬vbx bvUÅPò× m®¬Åv fvlv m®¬ÅvKi b±`x m®²Åvmxi avc mdUIqÅvi, evsjv meyR QvZv meyR weµÏe meyRcò meyRevM ^vbv mgKvj mgZU mgw¯¼Z ÞwZKi KxUcZã eÅeÕ©vcbv mÁcwî nÕ¦v¯¦i AvBb, 1882 mgevq AvG±`vjb mgevq eÅvswKs mgmÅvmâzj g†wîKv mgvPvi `cÆY mgvR KvVvGgv mgvR mwÁÃjbx mfv mgvóvi, myLiéb mgvwaGmŒa Õ©vcZÅ mgy`ËZjevmx gvQ mgy`Ëc†Ó¤ mgy`Ëc†GÓ¤i cwieZÆb mgy`Ëe±`i mgy`ËGmËvZ mÁ·wî AwaMÉnY I üKzg`Lj mÁ·ÉmvwiZ wUKv`vb KgÆmƒwP mwÁÃjbx BbwÕ¡wUDkb, hGkvi mwÁÃwjZ bvix mgvR mqvweb mi-B-LBj mi-B-jÕ•i miKvi miKvi, AÞqP±`Ê miKvi, Avey ˆnvGmb miKvi, CkvbP±`Ê miKvi, Kwe imivR ZviKP±`Ê miKvi, Kweqvj weRqK‡ú miKvi, wÞwZkP±`Ê miKvi, `xGbkP±`Ê miKvi, bwjbxiéb miKvi, bvRgyj nK miKvi, bxjiZb miKvi, wc.wm miKvi, cÉfvZiéb miKvi, gGn±`Êjvj miKvi, h`ybv^ miKvi, ˆhvMx±`Êbv^ miKvi, mijvevjv miKvi, mvab miKvwi KgÆPvix (Aemi) AvBb, 1974 miKvwi KgÆPvix (AvPiY) wewagvjv, 1979 miKvwi KgÆPvix (weGkl weavb) AaÅvG`k miKvwi KgÆPvix (k†›Ljv I Avcxj) wewagvjv, 1985 miKvwi PvKzwi AvBb, 1975 miKvwi PvKzwii ŠbwZK AvPiYwewa miKvwi bxwZ miKvGii Õ¼œQZv mi`vi, ˆeMg AvGqkv mi`vi, jvjGgvnvÁÃ` mi`vwi cÉ^v midivR Lvb mihƒevjv ˆ`ex miid miÕ¼Zx miÕ¼Zx, cÉfveZx ˆ`ex miÕ¼Zx, mimxKzgvi mivBj DcGRjv mivBj nvUGLvjv gmwR` mwilv mwilvevox DcGRjv mixm†c mcÆ`skb meÆ`jxq Qvò msMÉvg cwil` meÆcÉvYev` meÆfviZxq Qvò ˆdWvGikb meÆvb±` mwjgyÍÏvn ‰wZgLvbv mwjgyÍÏvn, LvRv mnRhvb mnwRqv mvBKvW mvBU ˆmfvim B´ŸvibÅvkbvj mvBGbvmvBwUm mvBdzóxb nvgRvn kvn mvBgb Kwgkb mvBwqÅ` wbqvgZzÍÏvn mvD^BÕ¡ eÅvsK wjwgGUW mvsLÅ mvsLÅ `kÆb mvsevw`KZv mvsweavwbK AvBb mvsweavwbK ò×gweKvk mvsweavwbK ˆNvlYv mvsweavwbK msGkvabx muvIZvj muvIZvj cU muvIZvj weG`Ëvn muvIZvwj fvlv muvw^qv DcGRjv mvÞiZv mvMi mvMÉvB mvNvUv DcGRjv mvãy b`x mvUzwiqv DcGRjv mvZB gvGPÆi fvlY mvZKvwbqv DcGRjv mvZÞxiv ˆRjv mvZÞxiv m`i DcGRjv mvZMÁ¼yR gmwR` mvZMuvI mvZMvwQqv gmwR` mvZfvqjv mv‹Zi gmwR` mvîvi, wePvicwZ Ave`ym mv`Z KGjR mv`vbx, Av±`vjxe mv`x gmwR` mv`yÍÏvcyi DcGRjv mvG`K, ‰.‰m.‰BP.ˆK mvabv mvaviY exgv mvaviY exgv KGcÆvGikb mvay fvlv mvbvB mvbvDÍÏv, gynÁÃ` mvbÅvj, cÉGevaKzgvi mvc mvcvnvi DcGRjv mvcyGo mvGei, knx` mvfvi mvfvi DcGRjv mvg¯¦ mvÁcÉ`vwqK ˆivGq`v` mvÁcÉ`vwqKZv mvgwqKx mvgwiK evwnbx mvgwiK kvmb mvgvwRK wPwKrmv mvgvwRK wbivcîv ˆeÓ¡bx mvgvwRK ebvqb mvgvwRK Õ¦iwebÅvm mvgv`, AvkdvKzm mvgv`, jvqjv mvgv`, Šmq` Avõym mvgyw`ËK AvMvQv mvgyw`ËK Škevj mvgyw`ËK mvc mvÁ·vb mvÁ·É`vwqK mÁ·KÆ mvÁ¼vi mvGqg, wePvicwZ Avey mv`vZ ˆgvnvÁÃ` mvGqi mvi mvim mvwi Mvb mvwi±`v mvwiqvKvw±` DcGRjv mvKÆ mvKÆvm mvGKÆj Awdmvi mvGdÆm IqvUvi gGWwjs ˆm´Ÿvi mvGfÆ Ae evsjvG`k mvGfÆ´Ÿ Ae wnDgÅvwbwU mvj^v DcGRjv mvjebnvU mvjvg, Ave`ym1 mvjvg, Ave`ym2 mvjvg, ˆkL Ave`ym mvwjk mvwjm mvwjwm AvBb mvGjnxb, gxi gKmy`ym mvÍÏv DcGRjv mvnv mvnv, wPîiéb mvnv, ˆgNbv` mvnv, ib`v cÉmv` mvnv, mZÅ mvwnZÅ cwòKv mvwnZÅ cwil` cwòKv mvwnZÅið, Aveyj KvGmg mvwnZÅið gybwk Avkivd ˆnvGmb mvwnZÅið, ˆgvnvÁÃ` bwRei ingvb mvwnZÅvPvhÆ, iRbxKv¯¦ wmAviwc wm‰bwR wms, Ab¯¦ wmsov DcGRjv wmsn, KvjxcÉm®² wmsn, bƒZb P±`Ê wmsn, gwY wmsn, jWÆ mGZű`ÊcÉm®² wmu`yi wmKv±`i kvn wmKv±`i kvn, w«¼Zxq wmKv±`i kvn ˆjv`x wmKv±`vi kvn mgvwa wmwKDwiwU wcÉw´Ÿs KGcÆvGikb wjwgGUW wmwKDwiwUR AÅv´£ ‰ÝGPé Kwgkb wmOiv gmwR` wmãvBi DcGRjv wmwU KiGcvGikb wmwU eÅvsK wjwgGUW wmWi wmwWkb KwgwU wiGcvUÆ wmwóKv, gvngy`v LvZzb wmwóKx, Ave`yi ingvb wmwóKx, Ave`yj Mdzi wmwóKx, Ave`yj nvB wmwóKx, ‰g.Avi wmwóKx, KvGRgDóxb AvnGg` wmwóKx, ˆLv±`Kvi kvgmyóxb ˆgvnvÁÃ` wmwóKx, e`i‚óxb Avng` wmwóKx, ˆgvnvÁÃ` Ave`yi iwk` wmbGKvbv wmcvn kvjvi wmcvwn weµÏe, 1857 wmwdwjm wmwfj AwdmvmÆ ˆUÇwbs ‰KvGWgx wmwfj AÅvWwgwbGÕ¡Ëkb ˆiGÕ¡vGikb KwgwU wmwfj wjÕ¡ wmwfj mvwfÆm wmwfj ˆmvmvBwU wmgjv Pzwî× wmgjv ˆWcyGUkb wmGg´Ÿ wk͸ wmqvi-Dj-gyZvL&GLixb wmivRDGóŒjv wmivRMé ˆRjv wmivRMé m`i DcGRjv wmivRw`Luvb DcGRjv wmivRx, BmgvBj ˆnvGmb wmivZ-B-wdi‚Rkvnx wmivwgK wk͸ wmGjU ‰g.‰.wR Imgvbx ˆgwWGKj KGjR wmGjU K‡wl wek¼we`Åvjq wmGjU ˆK±`Êxq gymwjg mvwnZÅ msm` wmGjU MYGfvU, 1947 wmGjU MÅvm wdΣm ˆKvÁ·vbx wjwgGUW wmGjU ˆRjv wmGjU UÇÅvc wmGjU wefvM wmGjU m`i DcGRjv wmGjU miKvix Avwjqv gv`Ëvmv wmGjU wmwU KiGcvGikb wmGjwU bvMix wmwmwWwe mxZv mxZvKzí DcGRjv mxZvKzí f„Zvwî½K MVb mxZvGKvU wenvi mxZvcvnvo f„Zvwî½K MVb mxmv myBGPviv myLvwaKvi AvBb, 1882 myMw®¬ Dw«¿` myRvDóxb gmwR` myRvDóxb gynÁÃ` Lvb myRvbMi DcGRjv myZwj ˆcvKv myavKi mybvgMé ˆRjv mybvgMé m`i DcGRjv mybvgMé miKvwi Rywejx DœP we`Åvjq mybvwg my±`iMé DcGRjv my±`ieb my±`ix MvQ my±`v ˆUÇç my®²x mycvwi mywcÉg ˆKvUÆ mywcÉg RywWwkqvj Kwgkb mywd mvwnZÅ mywdev` myeYÆPi DcGRjv myevn& myevn`vi myfvwlZiðGKvl myigv AeevwnKv myigv w^GqUvi myigv b`x myigv wkjv`j myigv-ˆgNbv b`xcÉYvjx myiv gmwR` myjKeni myjZvb myjZvb, ‰m.‰g myjZvbcyi gmwR` myjvqgvb Kiivbx mymvs cvnvo myn&ivIqvw`Æqv ZwiKv myþ mƒwPwk͸ mƒòai mƒòvcyi ^vbv mƒhÆgyLx mƒhÆGmb, gvÕ¡vi`v mƒhÆvÕ¦ AvBb ˆmL÷Gfv`qv ˆmàb ˆmP ˆmGPi AvIZvaxb Rwg ˆmZvi ˆmb, AZzjcÉmv` ˆmb, Aaijvj ˆmb, AvkvjZv ˆmb, ‰.wU ˆmb, ˆKkeP±`Ê ˆmb, wÞwZGgvnb ˆmb, wMwikP±`Ê ˆmb, ˆ`Ge±`Êbv^ ˆmb, bexbP±`Ê ˆmb, cÉGevaP±`Ê ˆmb esk ˆmb, webqP±`Ê ˆmb fvÕ•hÆ ˆmb, iRbxKv¯¦ ivgKgj ˆmb ˆmb, ivqevnv`yi Rjai ˆmb, ivqevnv`yi `xGbkP±`Ê ˆmb, kkvâGgvnb ˆmb, mGZÅb ˆmb, mgi ˆmb, nxivjvj ˆmb൦, AwP¯¦ÅKzgvi ˆmb൦, ài‚bv^ ˆmb൦, bGikP±`Ê ˆmb൦, hZx±`Êbv^ ˆmb൦, hZx±`ÊGgvnb ˆmb൦, hvòvGgvnb ˆmb൦, kPx±`Êbv^ ˆmb൦v, ˆbjx ˆmbevM DcGRjv Mãvai ˆmbivq ˆmbvKjÅvY msÕ©v ˆm´Ÿ ˆMÉMwiR Õ•zj ˆm´Ÿ ˆRvGmd nvB Õ•zj I KGjR ˆm´Ÿ dÌvw´Öm ˆRwfqvmÆ wMÉb nÅvivΣ B´ŸvbÅvkbvj Õ•zj ˆm´ŸgvwUÆbm «¼xc ˆm´ŸÈvj bÅvkbvj ˆgvnvGgWvb AÅvGmvwmGqkb ˆmevBZ ˆmevcÉ`vb eÅeÕ©v ˆmGfb mGqj UÇÅvÙ ˆmÁ· ˆmiwbqvevZ, Ave`yi ie ˆmjemÆx, dRjyj nK ŠmKZ evwj AvniY ˆK±` ŠmKZ evwj fvwi gwYK mvBwqÅ` Šmq`, Ave`yj gv®²vb Šmq` Avng` Lvb Šmq` gZÆyRv Šmq` myjZvb Šmq` nvgRv Šmq`cyi DcGRjv Šmq`v LvZzb, AvLZvi gnj ˆmvbvBgywo DcGRjv ˆmvbvKv±`v `yMÆ ˆmvbvMvRx DcGRjv ˆmvbvWvãv ^vbv ˆmvbvZjv DcGRjv ˆmvbviMuvI ˆmvbviMuvI DcGRjv ˆmvbviO ˆRvo gw±`i ˆmvbvjx eÅvsK wjwgGUW ˆmvcvb ˆmvenvb, ˆkL Ave`ym ˆmvenvb, mvjgv ˆmvgcyi gnvwenvi ˆmvgcÉKvk ˆmvqvP Ae ˆbv MÉvD´£ ˆmvqvÁ· ev Rjgq wbÁ²f„wg ˆmvqvwiNvU ˆmvwiqvwmm ˆmvjZvb ˆmvmÅvj Bmjvgx eÅvsK wjwgGUW ˆmvn&ivIqv`Æx, kvGn` ˆmvn&ivIqv`Æx, ˆnvGmb knx` ˆmvnivIqv`Æx, Ave`yÍÏvn Avj-gvgyb ˆmvnivIqv`Æx D`Åvb ˆmvnivIqv`Æx, Ievq`yÍÏvn Avj Ievq`x ˆmŒi D`Åvb ˆmŒikwî× Õ•G±`i avc Õ•c Õ¡K ‰ÝGPé Õ¡vi w^GqUvi1 Õ¡vi w^GqUvi2 wÕ¡Gdbmb, ˆivjÅv´£ gÅvKGWvbvΣ Õ¡zqvUÆ, PvjÆm ˆÕ¡Um&gÅvb, w` ˆÕ¡wWqvg Õ¡ÅvwUmwUKÅvj AÅvKvD´Ÿ Ae ˆeãj Õ¡Åv´£vWÆ PvUÆvWÆ eÅvsK Õ¡Åv´£vWÆ eÅvsK wjwgGUW Õ¡ËÅvwP, mÅvi Rb Õ¦b KÅvbmvi Õ¦bÅcvb Õ¦bÅcvqx Õ¦iwe`Åv Õ§c PzÅwZ Õ¦„c Õ²vqyZG¯¨i ŠeKjÅ Õ·viGmv Õ·xKvi Õ¼Z¯¨ wbeÆvPb eÅeÕ©v Õ¼G`kx AvG±`vjb Õ¼wbfÆi AvG±`vjb Õ¼wbfÆi MÉvg miKvi Õ¼µ²cyix Õ¼iwjwc Õ¼YÆKvi ռ͸‹`NÆÅ PjwœPò ռ͸Gjvbv cvwbi grmÅ Õ¼v`ycvwbi Dw«¿` Õ¼vaxb evsjv ˆeZvi ˆK±`Ê Õ¼vaxbZv ˆNvlYv Õ¼vaxbZv w`em Õ¼vaxbZvi ˆNvlYvcò Õ¼vqîkvwmZ msÕ©v Õ¼vÕ©Å I wPwKrmvweævb Õ¼vÕ©ÅbxwZ Õ¼vÕ©Åwewa Õ¼vÕ©ÅwelqK i…cGiLv Õ¼vÕ©ÅGmev eÅeÕ©v ÕÆwZkvÕ¨ mÅvGUjvBU ˆUwjwfkb PÅvGbj mÅvGUjvBU we`Åvjq mÅvWjvi Kwgkb mÅvi mwjgyÍÏvn mÅvi mwjgyÍÏvn ˆgwWKÅvj KGjR ˆmËvZwÕ¼bx ÕÏvM Õ©je±`i Õ©vbxq chÆvGq cwiK͸bv Õ©vbxq miKvi Õ©vcZÅwk͸ Õ©vcZÅwk͸, MÉvgxY Õ©vei mÁ·wî wewbgq
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